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Understanding Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. It typically occurs in individuals with psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches. PsA can lead to joint damage if left untreated, so early identification is crucial.
Type 1: Asymmetric Psoriatic Arthritis
Asymmetric psoriatic arthritis affects different joints on each side of the body. Common symptoms include swelling and pain in one knee, ankle, or fingers. Diagnosis may require imaging studies to identify joint inflammation.
Type 2: Symmetric Psoriatic Arthritis
Symmetric psoriatic arthritis typically affects the same joints on both sides of the body. It can resemble rheumatoid arthritis, presenting with similar symptoms. Treatment often includes disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to reduce inflammation.
Type 3: Distal Interphalangeal Predominant Psoriatic Arthritis
This type predominantly affects the distal joints of the fingers and toes. Symptoms may include pain and stiffness in the fingers nearest to the nails. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent irreversible damage to these joints.
Type 4: Spondylitic Psoriatic Arthritis
Spondylitic psoriatic arthritis primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Symptoms may include back pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility. Physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications are common treatment options.
Type 5: Psoriatic Arthritis with Nail Involvement
This type involves changes in the nails, such as pitting and separation from the nail bed. It often correlates with skin lesions and can affect overall quality of life. Regular monitoring and customized treatment plans are recommended for management.